Burundi, Rwanda & Uganda

The expedition opens at Bujumbura, on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika at the southern end of the Albertine Rift. The lake is extraordinary: 673 kilometres long, 1,470 metres deep, and so ancient (nine to twelve million years old) that it has developed 1,500 endemic species found nowhere else on Earth, including 250 species of cichlid fish. The Bujumbura lakeshore at sunset (the Congo mountains visible across the water, a view of two countries from a single beach chair) is the right introduction to a region whose geography is inseparable from its politics.

A morning game drive in Rusizi National Park on the delta where the Rusizi River enters the lake, hippo pods in the channels, crocodiles on the sandbanks, and the birdlife of the delta wetlands including the rare shoebill, which stands motionless in the shallows like a prehistoric miscalculation. Burundi has kept its land border with Rwanda closed since January 2024, so in the afternoon we take the short flight from Bujumbura to Kigali, then drive north into tea and coffee country to Musanze (Ruhengeri) at the base of the Virunga volcanoes, the gateway for gorilla trekking in Volcanoes National Park.

The gorilla permit brief at park headquarters begins at 7 a.m. Groups of eight maximum are assigned a habituated family and set off with a ranger and two trackers through the bamboo forest on the lower slopes. Trekking time varies from forty-five minutes to six hours depending on where the family has spent the night; the hour with the gorillas, once located, is fixed by conservation regulation. A silverback in the wild, at close range, in its own habitat, is a creature of such physical presence that the usual human categories ('wildlife,' 'experience,' 'attraction') do not apply. In the afternoon, the Gorilla Guardians cultural experience tells the other side of the conservation story: the farmers who share their land with gorillas, and the economic model that makes coexistence viable.

The morning golden monkey trek in Volcanoes National Park: a smaller and faster primate than the gorilla, moving through the bamboo canopy in noisy troops of a hundred or more, their burnt-orange faces among the most striking fur patterns in the primate family. Then the drive west to Gisenyi on the shore of Lake Kivu, a highland lake trapped above the rift valley, its water underlaid by vast dissolved reserves of methane and carbon dioxide at depth, making it one of a small number of exploding lakes in the world. The lakeside town of Gisenyi has one of the finest colonial-era beach settings in East Africa, the Congolese town of Goma visible across the border a few kilometres south.

Subject to current security conditions: see the note below. The border crossing from Gisenyi into Goma is a short walk. From the Kibati ranger post, the hike to the summit of Nyiragongo begins: a 3,470-metre active stratovolcano that has erupted more than thirty times in recorded history, most recently in 2021. The crater at the top contains one of only four persistently active lava lakes in the world, a roiling body of liquid rock 200 metres across that glows orange from a kilometre away. The hike takes four to six hours; the metal-framed cabin accommodation at the crater rim is basic, and the heat from below raises the temperature well above the surrounding mountain air. Waking at 3 a.m. to the lava lake in full eruption beneath a clear-sky Milky Way is an experience that has no terrestrial equivalent.

The descent from Nyiragongo takes three to four hours. Return to Gisenyi and the border crossing back into Rwanda, then the drive north along the Albertine Rift escarpment into Uganda, crossing at Cyanika and continuing to Kisoro in the extreme southwest of Uganda, a small highland town at the base of Mgahinga Gorilla National Park.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is Uganda's smallest and the least-visited section of the Virunga chain, a single row of three volcanoes forming a wall on the southern horizon. The hike to the summit of Mt Sabyinyo (3,669 metres) is the signature experience: six to eight hours of steep climbing through forest, bamboo, and giant heather, arriving at a jagged ridge whose local name (sabyinyo means 'old man's teeth') describes the serrated summit profile exactly. The final approach moves between three rocky peaks connected by ladders. The summit itself is the single geographic point shared by Uganda, Rwanda, and the DRC, standing on it, you occupy all three countries simultaneously, with only one permit required from whichever country you started.

A morning drive east to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park: the forest where the rest of the world's mountain gorillas live. Where Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is managed for a faster, more accessible experience, Bwindi is a more primeval encounter: the forest is denser and older, the terrain more challenging, and the families larger. Bwindi holds more than twenty habituated gorilla families across four separate trekking sectors. The afternoon is for rest and the evening for the lodge's guided night walk in the forest.

A morning drive north to Queen Elizabeth National Park: one of Africa's most biodiverse wildlife areas, the Kazinga Channel connecting Lakes George and Edward acting as a natural game-viewing corridor of extraordinary density. The afternoon boat cruise on the Kazinga Channel passes within metres of some of the largest hippo concentrations in Africa, Nile crocodiles on every sandbank, and cape buffalo herds that approach the water in hundreds. Uganda's tree-climbing lions (unusual in Africa for their habit of resting in fig trees during the heat of the day) are found in the Ishasha sector to the south.

An early morning game drive before the drive north to Entebbe for international departures. Uganda's southwest is one of the most scenically dramatic wildlife areas in Africa (the Rwenzori Mountains visible on the western horizon, the rift lakes below, and the equatorial forest beginning to thin into savanna), the entirety of the Albertine Rift's ecological diversity visible from a single ridge.